Article 2599 Cases A breach of contract committed by one of the parties is fundamental if it results in such detriment to the other party as substantially to deprive him of what he is entitled to expect under the contract, unless the party in breach did not foresee and a reasonable person of the same kind in the same circumstances would not have foreseen such a result.

Number

Issue

# Cases

Fundamental breach

1.1

Lack of conformity of goods

Country	Date	Court
Arbitral Award	10-12-1997	Schiedsgericht der Börse für Landwirtschaftliche Produkte - Wien
Arbitral Award	18-04-2008	CIETAC China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission
Cases: 2
Austria	11-03-1999	Oberster Gerichtshof
Austria	05-07-2001	Oberster Gerichtshof
Austria	16-12-2015	Oberster Gerichtshof
Cases: 3
Belgium	10-05-2004	Hof van Hoger Beroep, Gent
Belgium	14-09-2005	Rechtbank van Koophandel, Hasselt
Cases: 2
China	30-06-2014	Supreme Court of the People's Republic of China
China	16-05-2023	Beijing City Intermediate People’s Court No. 4
China	31-07-2023	Higher People’s Court of Zhejiang Province
Cases: 3
Denmark	10-11-1999	Vestre Landsret (Western High Court)
Cases: 1
France	26-04-1995	Cour d'Appel de Grenoble, Chambre Commerciale
France	04-06-2004	Cour d'Appel de Paris
Cases: 2
Germany	18-01-1994	Oberlandesgericht Frankfurt am Main
Germany	10-02-1994	Oberlandesgericht Düsseldorf
Germany	02-03-1994	Oberlandesgericht München
Germany	20-04-1994	Oberlandesgericht Frankfurt am Main
Germany	25-08-1994	Landgericht Düsseldorf Kammer für Handelssachen
Germany	15-09-1994	Landgericht Berlin
Germany	08-03-1995	Bundesgerichtshof
Germany	05-04-1995	Landgericht Landshut
Germany	21-08-1995	Landgericht Ellwangen
Germany	03-04-1996	Bundesgerichtshof
Germany	15-09-1997	Landgericht Heilbronn
Germany	14-10-2002	Oberlandesgericht Köln
Germany	21-11-2007	Oberlandesgericht Koblenz
Germany	24-09-2014	Bundesgerichshof
Cases: 14
Italy	13-12-2001	Tribunale di Busto Arsizio
Italy	03-07-2013	Tribunale di Foggia
Italy	02-03-2021	Corte di Appello di Milano
Cases: 3
Netherlands	31-08-2005	Gerechtshof Leeuwarden
Netherlands	18-07-2007	Rechtbank Utrecht
Netherlands	15-02-2023	Rechtbank Rotterdam
Cases: 3
Poland	11-05-2007	Supreme Court of Poland
Poland	07-02-2013	Szczecin Court of Appeal
Cases: 2
Slovenia	05-01-2021	High Court of Ljubljana
Cases: 1
Spain	28-04-2004	Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona
Spain	26-09-2005	Audiencia Provincial de Palencia
Spain	17-01-2008	Tribunal Supremo
Spain	11-05-2012	Fuenlabrada Court of First Instance
Cases: 4
Switzerland	26-04-1995	Handelsgericht Zürich
Switzerland	28-10-1998	Schweizerisches Bundesgericht
Switzerland	18-05-2009	Schweizerisches Bundesgericht
Cases: 3
Turkey	16-04-2019	9th Commercial Court, Istanbul
Cases: 1
USA	06-12-1995	U.S. Court of Appeals, 2nd Circuit
USA	17-12-2001	U.S. District Court, S.D., Michigan
USA	29-10-2009	U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida
USA	20-09-2021	U.S. District Court, Texas
Cases: 4