Article 7212 Cases
(1) In the interpretation of this Convention, regard is to be had to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its application and the observance of good faith in international trade.
(2) Questions concerning matters governed by this Convention which are not expressly settled in it are to be settled in conformity with the general principles on which it is based or, in the absence of such principles, in conformity with the law applicable by virtue of the rules of private international law.
| Number |
Issue |
# Cases |
| 1 |
Interpretation of Convention |
3 |
| 1.1 |
Consideration of international character of Convention |
23 |
| 1.1.1 |
Recourse to Convention's legislative history |
6 |
| 1.2 |
Need for uniform application of Convention |
23 |
| 1.2.1 |
Recourse to foreign case law and scholarly writing |
54 |
| Country |
Date |
Court |
| Arbitral Award |
15-10-2002 |
Netherlands Arbitration Institute |
| Arbitral Award |
28-01-2009 |
Foreign Trade Court of Arbitration of the Serbian Chamber of Commerce |
| Cases: 2 |
| Australia |
17-11-2000 |
Supreme Court of Queensland |
| Cases: 1 |
| Austria |
13-04-2000 |
Oberster Gerichtshof |
| Austria |
25-01-2006 |
Oberster Gerichtshof |
| Austria |
16-12-2015 |
Oberster Gerichtshof |
| Austria |
29-06-2017 |
Oberster Gerichtshof |
| Cases: 4 |
| Belgium |
06-03-2002 |
Rechtbank van Koophandel, Hasselt |
| Cases: 1 |
| Egypt |
19-02-2023 |
Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration (CRCICA) |
| Cases: 1 |
| France |
23-10-1996 |
Cour d'Appel de Grenoble |
| Cases: 1 |
| Germany |
05-12-2000 |
Oberlandesgericht Oldenburg |
| Germany |
30-06-2004 |
Bundesgerichtshof |
| Germany |
02-03-2005 |
Bundesgerichtshof |
| Germany |
03-08-2005 |
Landgericht Neubrandeburg |
| Germany |
31-03-2008 |
Oberlandesgericht Stuttgart |
| Germany |
13-02-2013 |
Oberlandesgericht Naumburg |
| Germany |
28-05-2014 |
Bundesgerichshof |
| Cases: 7 |
| Italy |
31-01-1996 |
Tribunale Civile di Cuneo, Sez. I |
| Italy |
29-12-1999 |
Tribunale di Pavia |
| Italy |
12-07-2000 |
Tribunale di Vigevano |
| Italy |
26-11-2002 |
Tribunale di Rimini |
| Italy |
25-02-2004 |
Tribunale di Padova - Sez. Este |
| Italy |
31-03-2004 |
Tribunale di Padova - Sez. Este |
| Italy |
11-01-2005 |
Tribunale di Padova - Sez. Este |
| Italy |
21-11-2007 |
Tribunale di Rovereto |
| Italy |
16-02-2009 |
Tribunale di Forlì |
| Italy |
12-04-2011 |
Tribunale di Reggio Emilia |
| Italy |
12-11-2012 |
Tribunale di Forlì |
| Italy |
17-06-2019 |
Tribunale di Trieste |
| Italy |
12-12-2022 |
Corte Suprema di Cassazione |
| Cases: 13 |
| Netherlands |
25-02-2009 |
Rechtbank Rotterdam |
| Netherlands |
22-04-2014 |
Court of Appeal, the Hague |
| Netherlands |
16-11-2016 |
Rechtbank Midden-Nederland |
| Cases: 3 |
| New Zealand |
30-07-2010 |
High Court of New Zealand |
| New Zealand |
22-07-2011 |
Court of Appeal of New Zealand |
| Cases: 2 |
| Norway |
06-02-2019 |
Supreme Court |
| Cases: 1 |
| Poland |
17-10-2008 |
Supreme Court of Poland |
| Poland |
02-06-2017 |
Supreme Court |
| Cases: 2 |
| Spain |
11-05-2012 |
Fuenlabrada Court of First Instance |
| Spain |
21-01-2016 |
Audiencia Provincial de Girona |
| Cases: 2 |
| Sweden |
10-06-2016 |
Swedish Supreme Court |
| Cases: 1 |
| Switzerland |
07-05-1993 |
Gerichtspräsident von Laufen |
| Switzerland |
08-01-1997 |
Obergericht Kanton Luzern |
| Switzerland |
28-05-2019 |
Schweizerisches Bundesgericht |
| Cases: 3 |
| USA |
17-05-1999 |
U.S. District Court, E.D., Louisiana |
| USA |
28-03-2002 |
United States District Court, N.D., Illinois |
| USA |
29-03-2004 |
U.S. District Court, E.D., Pennsylvania |
| USA |
21-05-2004 |
U.S. District Court, North. District, Illinois, East. Div. |
| USA |
17-12-2009 |
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta Division |
| USA |
21-07-2010 |
U.S. Court of Appeals (3rd Circuit) |
| USA |
20-10-2010 |
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Tennessee |
| USA |
28-09-2011 |
U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York |
| USA |
10-09-2013 |
U.S. District Court, Western District of Pennsylvania |
| USA |
08-08-2019 |
U.S. District Court, D. Idaho. |
| Cases: 10 |
|
| 2 |
Gaps in Convention |
1 |
| 2.1 |
Matters governed but not expressly settled by Convention |
49 |
| 2.2 |
Matters excluded from scope of Convention (see art. 4) |
15 |
| 2.3 |
Methods for filling in gaps |
4 |
| 2.3.1 |
Application by analogy of other provisions of Convention |
9 |
| 2.3.2 |
Recourse to general principles of Convention |
25 |
| 2.3.2.1 |
Examples of general principles |
26 |
| 2.3.2.2 |
Recourse to UNIDROIT Principles |
26 |
| 2.3.3 |
Recourse to domestic law |
20 |
| 2.3.3.1 |
Applicable law determined by choice of law rules of forum |
22 |
| 2.3.3.2 |
Applicable choice of law rules in arbitration |
3 |
| 3 |
Concept of good faith in international trade |
1 |
| 3.1 |
Significance of good faith in international trade |
3 |
| 3.2 |
Good faith as aid in interpretation of Convention |
8 |
| 3.3 |
Good faith as a general principle of Convention |
18 |
| 3.3.1 |
Good faith during negotiations |
5 |
| 3.3.2 |
Good faith in interpretation of contract |
5 |
| 3.3.3 |
Good faith in performance of contract |
14 |