SELECTED CASES BY TYPE OF CONTRACT INVOLVED
SELECTED CASES BY NATIONALITY OF THE PARTIES
| KEYWORD | Count of Cases |
|---|---|
| AFRICAN | 6 |
| ALGERIAN | 1 |
| ARGENTINIAN | 14 |
| AUSTRALIAN | 17 |
| AUSTRIAN | 10 |
| BAHAMIAN | 1 |
| BELGIAN | 6 |
| BELORUSSIAN | 7 |
| BERMUDIAN | 1 |
| BRAZILIAN | 9 |
| BRITISH VIRGIN ISLAND | 1 |
| BULGARIAN | 1 |
| CANADIAN | 13 |
| CENTRAL EUROPEAN | 1 |
| CHILEAN | 4 |
| CHINESE | 43 |
| COLOMBIAN | 8 |
| CONGOLESE | 1 |
| COSTA RICAN | 5 |
| CYPRIOT | 8 |
| CZECH | 1 |
| DANISH | 3 |
| DUTCH | 23 |
| DUTCH ANTILLEAN | 1 |
| EAST ASIAN | 1 |
| EASTERN EUROPEAN | 6 |
| ECUADORIAN | 2 |
| EGYPTIAN | 1 |
| ENGLISH | 42 |
| ESTONIAN | 2 |
| EUROPEAN | 59 |
| FINNISH | 1 |
| FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO) | 1 |
| FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION OF WALES | 1 |
| FRENCH | 38 |
| GEORGIAN | 6 |
| GERMAN | 27 |
| GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC | 1 |
| GIBRALTAR | 1 |
| GREEK | 4 |
| HONG KONG | 4 |
| HUNGARIAN | 3 |
| INDIAN | 11 |
| INDONESIAN | 1 |
| INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT (IFAD) | 1 |
| INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION | 3 |
| IRANIAN | 10 |
| IRAQI | 1 |
| IRISH | 1 |
| ISRAELI | 2 |
| ITALIAN | 52 |
| IVORIAN | 1 |
| JAPANESE | 5 |
| KAZAKH | 5 |
| KOREAN | 4 |
| KUWAITI | 5 |
| KYRGYZ | 1 |
| LATIN AMERICAN | 2 |
| LEBANESE | 7 |
| LIBYAN | 1 |
| LIECHTENSTEIN | 5 |
| LITHUANIAN | 17 |
| LUXEMBOURG | 1 |
| MALAYSIAN | 3 |
| MARSHALLESE | 1 |
| MEMBER FIRMS OF THE ANDERSEN WORLDWIDE ORGANIZATION | 1 |
| MEXICAN | 5 |
| MIDDLE EASTERN | 4 |
| MOLDAVIAN | 1 |
| MOROCCAN | 2 |
| NEW ZEALAND | 5 |
| NIGERIAN | 1 |
| NORTH AFRICAN | 2 |
| NORTH AMERICAN | 4 |
| NORWEGIAN | 2 |
| PAKISTANI | 2 |
| PANAMANIAN | 2 |
| PARAGUAYAN | 34 |
| PHILIPPINE | 2 |
| PLURALITY OF PARTIES OF DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES | 7 |
| POLISH | 14 |
| PORTUGUESE | 3 |
| PUERTO RICAN | 1 |
| ROMANIAN | 13 |
| RUSSIAN | 102 |
| RWANDESE | 1 |
| SALVADORAN | 1 |
| SAUDI ARABIAN | 1 |
| SCANDINAVIAN | 1 |
| SCOTTISH | 1 |
| SERBIAN | 2 |
| SINGAPOREAN | 5 |
| SLOVAKIAN | 1 |
| SLOVENIAN | 1 |
| SOUTH AFRICAN | 1 |
| SOUTH KOREAN | 1 |
| SOUTHWEST ASIAN | 1 |
| SPANISH | 43 |
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Arbitral Award ICC International Court of Arbitration, Paris 8873 00-07-1997 LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT - BETWEEN A SPANISH COMPANY AND A FRENCH COMPANY - PARTIES' CHOICE OF DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) AS LAW GOVERNING THE CONTRACT - PARTY'S REQUEST THAT ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL APPLY UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AS TRADE USAGES (ART. VII GENEVA CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION ART. 13(5) OF THE ICC RULES OF ARBITRATION AND CONCILIATION) - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL DECISION NOT TO APPLY THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES HARDSHIP PROVISIONS IN THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES (ARTS. 6.2.2 AND 6.2.3) - DO NOT PRESENTLY REFLECT CURRENT PRACTICE IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE | |
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Arbitral Award ICC International Court of Arbitration, Paris 8817 00-12-1997 LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT - BETWEEN A SPANISH COMPANY AND A DUTCH COMPANY - SILENT AS TO APPLICABLE LAW - ICC RULES, ART. 13(3) - DECISION BY ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL TO APPLY "THE PROVISIONS OF [CISG] AND ITS GENERAL PRINCIPLES, NOW CONTAINED IN THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES" ESTABLISHED PRACTICE BETWEEN PARTIES - BINDING CHARACTER (ART. 1.8 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) (ART. 9 CISG) DAMAGES - DUTY TO MITIGATE HARM (ART. 77 CISG) (ART. 7.4.8 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) | |
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Arbitral Award ICC International Court of Arbitration, Brussels 9459 00-00-1998 SHARE PURCHASE AGREEMENT - BETWEEN A FRENCH SELLER AND A SPANISH BUYER - SILENT AS TO THE APPLICABLE LAW - APPLICATION OF SPANISH LAW AS THE LAW MOST CLOSELY CONNECTED WITH THE CONTRACT SILENCE OF THE PARTIES ON THE APPLICABLE LAW DOES NOT AMOUNT TO AN IMPLICIT CHOICE OF LAW - GENERIC REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES | |
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Arbitral Award ICC International Court of Arbitration 9594 00-03-1999 CONTRACT FOR SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION OF INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY - BETWEEN A SPANISH COMPANY AND AN INDIAN COMPANY - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES IN SUPPORT OF A SOLUTION ADOPTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE APPLICABLE DOMESTIC LAW (ENGLISH LAW) DUTY TO MITIGATE LOSSES (ARTICLE 7.4.8 OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES). | |
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Arbitral Award ICC International Court of Arbitration 11227 00-06-2001 MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING - BETWEEN A SPANISH COMPANY AND PORTUGUESE COMPANIES - CLAIMANT ARGUING ON THE BASIS NOT ONLY OF THE APPLICABLE DOMESTIC LAW (PORTUGUESE LAW) BUT ALSO OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES REFERRED TO AS "INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE" QUESTION AS TO WHETHER MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING LEGALLY BINDING NOTWITHSTANDING PARTIES HAD LEFT SEVERAL MATTERS TO BE DETERMINED AT LATER STAGE - SOLUTION IN THE AFFIRMATIVE ACCORDING TO PORTUGUESE LAW AND TO THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES (ARTICLES 2.11(2) AND 2.14 [ARTS. 2.1.11(2) AND 2.1.14 OF THE 2004 EDITION]) | |
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Arbitral Award ICC International Court of Arbitration, Montevideo 11317 00-01-2002 LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - SERVICE CONTRACT - BETWEEN A SPANISH COMPANY AND A BRAZILIAN COMPANY - REFERENCE BY ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO CONFIRM THE SOLUTION ADOPTED UNDER APPLICABLE DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) CHOICE OF LAW CLAUSE IN FAVOUR OF SPANISH LAW - BRAZILIAN PARTY INVOKING THE APPLICATION OF BRAZILIAN LAW ACCORDING TO ART. 9(2) OF THE INTRODUCTORY LAW TO BRAZILIAN CIVIL CODE (PRINCIPLE OF LOCUS REGIT ACTUS) - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL CONFIRMS THE VALIDITY OF THE APPLICABLE LAW CHOICE ON THE BASIS OF BOTH SPANISH AND BRAZILIAN LAW - REFERENCE TO ARTS. 1.4 AND 1.7 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES IN ORDER TO CONFIRM THE DECISION | |
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Arbitral Award Arbitration Court of the Lausanne Chamber of Commerce and Industry 25-01-2002 LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - CONSULTING CONTRACT - BETWEEN TWO BELGIAN INDIVIDUALS AND A SPANISH COMPANY - SILENT AS TO APPLICABLE LAW BUT CONTAINING REFERENCE TO "GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW APPLICABLE TO INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS" - AT BEGINNING OF ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS PARTIES AGREE ON APPLICATION OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES DUTY OF BEST EFFORTS AS CONTRASTED TO DUTY TO ACHIEVE A SPECIFIC RESUL (ART. 5.4 [5.1.4 OF THE 2004 EDITION] OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) NON-PERFORMANCE PARTLY CAUSED BY ACT OR OMISSION OF AGGRIEVED PARTY - AGGRIEVED PARTY PREVENTED FROM RELYING ON NON-PERFORMANCE - PRINCIPLE OF GOOD FAITH AND FAIR DEALING (ARTS. 7.1.2 AND 1.7 OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) CONTRACT INTERPRETATION - PREAMBLE OF CONTRACT NOT NECESSARILY RELEVANT (SEE COMMENT 2 TO ART. 4.4 OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES). CONTRACT INTERPRETATION - ACCORDING TO UNDERSTANDING OF REASONABLE PERSON (ART. 4.1(2) OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) TERMINATION OF CONTRACT - NOTICE - INTERPRETATION OF CONTENT (ARTS. 4.2(2), 4.3 LIT. (C) AND 4.5 OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) COURSE OF DEALINGS - POWERS OF ATTORNEY OF ONE PARTY'S EMPLOYEE (ART. 1.8(1) OF UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) PACTA SUNT SERVANDA - TERMINATION OF CONTRACT LEGITIMATE ONLY WHEN ADMITTED BY CONTRACT OR SPECIFIC PROVISOINS OF UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES (ART. 1.3 OF UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) PUBLIC PERMISSION REQUIREMENT - PARTY UNDER DUTY TO APPLY FAILS TO DO SO - PARTY UNDER DUTY TO APPLY FAILS TO GIVE NOTICE TO OTHER PARTY (ART. 6.1.15(1) AND (2) OF UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) RIGHT TO PERFORMANCE OF NON-MONETARY OBLIGATION - OBLIGEE UNABLE TO GET PERFORMANCE IN NATURA - MAY CHANGE REMEDY AND ASK FOR DAMAGES (ART. 7.2.5(1) OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) RIGHT TO DAMAGES - DETERMINATION OF AMOUNT DUE (SEE ARTS. 7.4.1, 7.4.2, 7.4.3, 7.4.4, 7.4.7, 7.4.9(2) AND COMMENTS TO ART. 7.4.12 OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) | |
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Arbitral Award ICC International Court of Arbitration 13009 00-00-2006 SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT - BETWEEN LIECHTENSTEIN SELLER AND SPANISH BUYER - FOLLOWING DISPUTE ARISING FROM A SALES CONTRACT - SALES CONTRACT AND SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT SILENT AS TO APPLICABLE LAW - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL DECIDED TO APPLY UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES SELLER'S CLAIM THAT IT HAD BEEN FORCED TO AGREE TO SETTLEMENT UNDER ECONOMIC DURESS BASED ON ARTICLES 1.7, 1.9, 3.8 [ART. 3.2.5 OF THE 2010 EDITION], 3.9 [ART. 3.2.6 OF THE 2010 EDITION], 3.10 [ART. 3.2.7 OF THE 2010 EDITION], 5.1.3 AND 5.1.4, AND 7.4.8 OF UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL DISMISSED ALL SELLER’S CLAIMS ON BASIS OF FACTS | |
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Arbitral Award London Court of International Arbitration 26-09-2022 LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - STATE CONTRACTS - CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT – BETWEEN A SPANISH CONSORTIUM AND THE MEXICAN FEDERAL ELECTRICITY COMMISSION – GOVERNED BY MEXICAN LAW REFERENCE TO ART. 1.8 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES IN ORDER TO CONFIRM MEXICAN SCHOLARSHIP AND JURISPRUDENCE (NON VENIRE CONTRA FACTUM PROPRIUM PRINCIPLE) | |
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International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 30-07-2010 STATE CONTRACTS - LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - CONCESSION CONTRACT - BETWEEN FRENCH AND SPANISH INVESTORS AND THE ARGENTINIAN GOVERNMENT - DUE TO ARGENTINA'S FINANCIAL CRISIS ARGENTINIAN AUTHORITIES ADOPTED A SERIES OF MEASURES NEGATIVELY AFFECTING PROFITABILITY OF FOREIGN INVESTORS' INVESTMENT - ALLEGED VIOLATION BY ARGENTINA OF BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO INTERPRET NATIONAL LAW (ARGENTINIAN LAW) RESPONDENT INVOKING FORCE MAJEURE AS EXCUSE FOR VIOLATION OF BIT - OBJECTION REJECTED ON THE GROUND THAT RESPONDENT WAS PARTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS FINANCIAL CRISIS REQUEST FOR RE-NEGOTIATION OF TERMS OF CONCESSION - IN ACCORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS IMPOSING IN LONG-TERM CONTRACTS IN THE EVENT OF HARDSHIP AN OBLIGATION TO NEGOTIATE CONTRACT ADAPTATION - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 6:111 PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW AND ARTICLES 6.2.2 AND 6.2.3 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES | |
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Portugal Tribunal da Relação do Porto (Court of Appeal of Porto) 04-01-2010 SALES CONTRACT - BETWEEN A PORTUGUESE BUYER AND A SPANISH SELLER - UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AS A MEANS FOR INTERPRETING DOMESTIC LAW (PORTUGUESE LAW) TERMINATION OF CONTRACT - DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT - AGGRIEVED PARTY ENTITLED TO FULL COMPENSATION FOR HARM, INCLUDING LOSS OF PROFIT (ARTICLE 7.4.2 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) | |
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Portugal Supremo Tribunal de Justiça 21-10-2010 SALES CONTRACT - BETWEEN A PORTUGUESE BUYER AND A SPANISH SELLER - UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AS A MEANS FOR INTERPRETING DOMESTIC LAW (PORTUGUESE LAW) TERMINATION OF CONTRACT - DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT - AGGRIEVED PARTY ENTITLED TO FULL COMPENSATION FOR HARM, INCLUDING LOSS OF PROFIT (ARTICLES 7.3.5(2) AND 7.4.2 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) | |
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Russian Federation Fifteenth circuit Arbitrazh Court of Appeal 21-01-2014 SUPPLY CONTRACT - BETWEEN A RUSSIAN COMPANY AND A SPANISH COMPANY - UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES APPLIED AS MEANS FOR INTERPRETING DOMESTIC LAW (RUSSIAN LAW) FREEDOM TO ENTER INTO AND DETERMINE THE CONTENT OF THE CONTRACT - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 1.1. OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL CONTRACTS AND TO ARTICLE 432 OF THE CIVIL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo (Sala de lo Civil) 04-07-2006 LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - AGENCY CONTRACT - BETWEEN A GERMAN SHIPPING COMPANY AND A SPANISH COMPANY UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AND PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW AS MEANS OF INTERPRETING DOMESTIC LAW (GERMAN LAW) GOOD FAITH - PARAGRAPH 242 OF THE GERMAN CIVIL CODE DIFFERENT FROM ART. 1258 OF THE SPANISH CIVIL CODE - CORRESPONDING IN SUBSTANCE TO ART. 1.7 OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AND ART. 1:201 OF THE PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo (Sala de lo Civil) 16-05-2007 LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT - BETWEEN TWO SPANISH PARTIES REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO CONFIRM THAT THE SOLUTION PROVIDED BY APPLICABLE DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) IS IN CONFORMITY WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS DAMAGES - PRINCIPLE OF FULL COMPENSATION - AMOUNT OF LOSS INCLUDING FUTURE LOSS TO BE PROVED WITH A REASONABLE DEGREE OF CERTAINTY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT WITH RESPECT TO LOSS OF A CHANCE THE PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE (ARTICLE 7.4.3 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo (Sala de lo Civil) 09-07-2007 SALES CONTRACT - BETWEEN SOME SPANISH INDIVIDUALS AND A SPANISH REAL ESTATE COMPANY UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AS A MEANS OF INTERPRETING DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) RIGHT TO DAMAGES - TO BE GRANTED WHEN DEFAULTING PARTY'S NON-PERFORMANCE SUBSTANTIALLY DEPRIVES AGGRIEVED PARTY OF WHAT IT WAS ENTITLED TO EXPECT UNDER THE CONTRACT (ART. 7.3.1(2)(A) UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo (Sala de lo Civil) 23-07-2007 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTRACTS - SALES CONTRACT - BETWEEN A SPANISH INDIVIDUAL AND A SPANISH MUNICIPALITY UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AND PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW AS MEANS OF INTERPRETING DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) TERMINATION FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT - ADMISSIBLE WHEN DEFAULTING PARTY'S NON-PERFORMANCE SUBSTANTIALLY DEPRIVES AGGRIEVED PARTY OF WHAT IT WAS ENTITLED TO EXPECT UNDER THE CONTRACT (ART. 7.3.1(2)(A) UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) NON-PERFORMANCE EXCUSED - CONDITIONS (ART. 8:108 PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW) | |
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Spain Audiencia Provincial de Lleida (Cataluna) 13-09-2007 SALES CONTRACT - BETWEEN TWO SPANISH INDIVIDUALS - UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AND PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW AS MEANS OF INTERPRETING DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) IMPOSSIBILITY OF PERFORMANCE - EFFECTS OF ORIGINAL IMPOSSIBILITY THE SAME AS THOSE OF SUPERVENING IMPOSSIBILITY (ART. 3.3 (1) UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES; ART. 4:102 PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW) | |
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Spain Audiencia Provincial de Madrid 12-11-2007 SALES CONTRACT - BETWEEN TWO SPANISH INDIVIDUALS - UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES USED AS A MEANS FOR INTERPRETING DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) TERMINATION OF CONTRACT - FUNDAMENTAL NON-PERFORMANCE (ARTICLE 7.3.1) | |
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Spain Audiencia Provincial de Tarragona 26-11-2007 SALES CONTRACT - BETWEEN A SPANISH CONSTRUCTION COMPANY AND A SPANISH INDIVIDUAL - UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES USED AS A MEANS FOR INTERPRETING DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) TERMINATION OF CONTRACT - FUNDAMENTAL NON-PERFORMANCE (ARTICLE 7.3.1) | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo 21-12-2007 LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - LEASE CONTRACT - BETWEEN TWO SPANISH INDIVIDUALS - UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES USED AS A MEANS FOR INTERPRETING DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) INTERPRETATION OF CONTRACT ACCORDING TO MEANING COMMONLY GIVEN TO TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS IN THE TRADE CONCERNED (ARTICLE 4.3 LIT E)) | |
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Spain Audiencia Provincial de Madrid 27-05-2008 LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - SECURITY SERVICE CONTRACT - BETWEEN TWO SPANISH PARTIES - UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES USED AS A MEANS FOR INTERPRETING DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) TERMINATION OF CONTRACT - FUNDAMENTAL NON-PERFORMANCE (ARTICLE 7.3.1) | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo (sala de lo Civil, Sección 1ª) 03-12-2008 LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - SUPPLY CONTRACT - BETWEEN TWO SPANISH COMPANIES - GOVERNED BY SPANISH LAW TERMINATION OF CONTRACT FOR FUNDAMENTAL BREACH - NOTION OF "FUNDAMENTAL BREACH" - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 7.3.1 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES, ARTICLES 8:101 AND 8:103 PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW AND ART. 49(1) CISG BUYER'S FAILURE TO PAY THE PRICE - AMOUNTS TO FUNDAMENTAL BREACH - SELLER ENTITLED TO TERMINATION | |
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Spain Audiencia Provincial de Cádiz (Sección 2ª) 19-01-2009 SALES CONTRACT - BETWEEN TWO SPANISH PARTIES - GOVERNED BY SPANISH LAW TERMINATION OF CONTRACT FOR FUNDAMENTAL BREACH - NOTION OF "FUNDAMENTAL BREACH" - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 7.3.1 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES ASSIGNMENT BY SELLER OF A PARKING SPACE LACKING CONTRACTUALLY AGREED SPECIFICATIONS - DOES NOT AMOUNT TO A FUNDAMENTAL BREACH | |
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Spain Audiencia Provincial de Valencia (Sección 7ª) 06-03-2009 SALES CONTRACT - BETWEEN TWO SPANISH PARTIES - GOVERNED BY SPANISH LAW TERMINATION OF CONTRACT FOR FUNDAMENTAL BREACH - NOTION OF "FUNDAMENTAL BREACH" - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 7.3.1 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES, ARTICLES 8:101 AND 8:103 PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW AND ARTICLE 49(1) CISG BUYER'S FAILURE TO PAY THE REMAINDER OF THE PRICE - DOES NOT AMOUNT TO A FUNDAMENTAL BREACH | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo 17-02-2010 LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - COAL SUPPLY CONTRACT - BETWEEN TWO SPANISH COMPANIES - UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AS A MEANS OF INTERPRETING THE APPLICABLE DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) FUNDAMENTAL NON-PERFORMANCE - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 7.3.1(2)(A) UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo 15-06-2010 SHARE PURCHASE AGREEMENT - BETWEEN TWO SPANISH INDIVIDUAL AND A SPANISH COMPANY - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES IN SUPPORT OF SOLUTION ADOPTED UNDER APPLICABLE DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) COMPENSATION OF NON-PECUNIARY HARM SUFFERED AS A RESULT OF BREACH OF CONTRACT - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 1107 OF SPANISH CIVIL CODE AND TO ARTICLE 7.4.2(2) OF UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo 02-05-2011 LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - CONSORTIUM AGREEMENT - BETWEEN TWO SPANISH COMPANIES - UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES USED AS A MEANS FOR INTERPRETING DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) INTERPRETATION OF CONTRACT ACCORDING TO MEANING COMMONLY GIVEN TO TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS IN THE TRADE CONCERNED (ARTICLE 4.3 LIT E)) | |
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Spain Audiencia Provincial de Murcia (Sección 1) 08-07-2011 SALES CONTRACT - BETWEEN TWO SPANISH COMPANIES - REFERENCE TO THE CISG AND TO THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES IN SUPPORT OF THE SOLUTION UNDER THE APPLICABLE DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) PRICE OF THE GOODS NOT FIXED IN THE CONTRACT - TO BE DETERMINED IN ACCORDANCE WITH OBJECTIVE CRITERIA SUCH AS THE MARKET PRICE - REFERENCE TO SPANISH CIVIL CODE AND A NUMBER OF INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS AMONG WHICH THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES (ART. 5.1.7) | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo 12-12-2011 LOAN AGREEMENT - BETWEEN TWO SPANISH INDIVIDUALS AND A SPANISH BANK - UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AS A MEANS FOR INTERPRETING DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) LIABILITY FOR INCONSISTENT BEHAVIOUR - APPLICATION OF GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF GOOD FAITH - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 1.7 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo 29-02-2012 LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT - BETWEEN A SPANISH RECORDING COMPANY AND A GROUP OF MUSICIANS - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO CONFIRM THAT SOLUTION PROVIDED BY APPLICABLE DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) IS IN CONFORMITY WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS CONTRACT INTERPRETATION ACCORDING TO COMMON INTENTION OF THE PARTIES (ARTICLE 4.1 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) | |
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Spain Audiencia Provincial de Santa Cruz de Tenerife 07-03-2012 BARTER AGREEMENT - BETWEEN TWO SPANISH INDIVIDUALS - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AND PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW TO INTERPRET APPLICABLE DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) - REFERENCE TO THE TWO INSTRUMENTS JUSTIFIED "ON ACCOUNT OF THE COMMON ORIGIN OF THE PROVISIONS THEREIN CONTAINED" TERMINATION FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT - ADMISSIBLE ONLY FOR BREACH OF FUNDAMENTAL NATURE (ART. 7.3.1 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo 08-05-2012 SHARE PURCHASE AGREEMENT - BETWEEN TWO SPANISH COMPANIES - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO INTERPRET OR SUPPLEMENT APPLICABLE DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) INTERPRETATION OF AGREEMENT - LITERAL INTERPRETATION GENERALLY PREVAILING IN SPANISH LAW - COMMON INTENTION OF PARTIES AS INTERPRETATIVE TOOL TO BE PREFERRED - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 4.1 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES | |
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Spain Audiencia Provincial de Coruña (Sección 4) 18-02-2013 LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - MARKETING AGREEMENT - BETWEEN TWO SPANISH PARTIES - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO INTERPRET APPLICABLE DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) HARDSHIP - CAN BE INVOKED ONLY IN EXCEPTIONAL CASES - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 6.2.2 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES HARDSHIP - REQUEST FOR RE-NEGOTIATION OF CONTRACT BY DISADVANTAGED PARTY DOES NOT ENTITLE THAT PARTY TO WITHHOLD PERFORMANCE - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 6.2.3(2) UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo 03-05-2013 CONTRACT FOR SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION - BETWEEN TWO SPANISH COMPANIES - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT TO CONFIRM THAT SOLUTION PROVIDED BY APPLICABLE DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) IS IN CONFORMITY WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS SUPPLY OF GOODS NOT CONFORMING TO SPECIFICATIONS OF CONTRACT - FUNDAMENTAL NON-PERFORMANCE - RIGHT TO TERMINATE CONTRACT - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 7.3.1 OF UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo 30-06-2014 LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - ADVERTISING SPACE LEASE CONTRACT - BETWEEN TWO SPANISH PARTIES - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO INTERPRET APPLICABLE DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) HARDSHIP - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO OVERRULE THE PREEXISTING SPANISH LAW ON THE ISSUE HARDSHIP – 2008 SPANISH ECONOMIC CRISIS - MAY RESULT IN A FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE OF CIRCUMSTANCES HARDSHIP - CONTRACT ADAPTATION BY COURT | |
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Spain Audiencia Provincial de Granada 21-07-2014 SALES CONTRACT - BETWEEN A SPANISH INDIVIDUAL AND A SPANISH REAL ESTATE COMPANY - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO CONFIRM THAT SOLUTION PROVIDED BY APPLICABLE DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) IS IN CONFORMITY WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS TERMINATION OF CONTRACT FOR NON-PERFORMANCE BY SELLER - BUYER´S RIGHT TO FULL COMPENSATION OF HARM SUSTAINED AS RESULT OF NON-PERFORMANCE - NON-MONETARY HARM SUCH AS EMOTIONAL DISTRESS - RECOVERABLE - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 7.4.2 (2) UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo 02-02-2015 DISPUTE BETWEEN TWO SPANISH PARTIES - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES IN SUPPORT OF SOLUTION ADOPTED UNDER APPLICABLE DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) VIOLATION OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS - AGGRIEVED PARTY ENTITLED TO COMPENSATION FOR MORAL DAMAGES - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AND PECL | |
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Spain Audiencia Provincial de Madrid 17-02-2015 SALES CONTRACT - BETWEEN A SPANISH AND AN ITALIAN COMPANY - CONTRACT GOVERNED BY THE CISG LIMITATION PERIODS - NOT COVERED BY THE CISG - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 10. 2 OF UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO FILL IN THE GAP | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo 24-02-2015 SALES CONTRACT - BETWEEN THREE SPANISH INDIVIDUAL AND A SPANISH COMPANY - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO INTERPRET APPLICABLE DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) HARDSHIP - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO OVERRULE PREEXISTENT SPANISH LAW HARDSHIP – 2008 SPANISH ECONOMIC CRISIS - CANNOT IN ITSELF REPRESENT A FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE OF CIRCUMSTANCES | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo 04-03-2015 DISPUTE BETWEEN TWO SPANISH ELECTRICITY COMPANIES - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES IN SUPPORT OF SOLUTION ADOPTED UNDER APPLICABLE DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) MITIGATION OF LOSSES – REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 7.4.8 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo 15-06-2015 BARTER AGREEMENT - BETWEEN SPANISH INDIVIDUALS - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AND PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW TO INTERPRET APPLICABLE DOMESTIC LAW (SPANISH LAW) TERMINATION OF CONTRACT FOR FUNDAMENTAL BREACH - NOTION OF "FUNDAMENTAL BREACH" - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 7.3.1 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES, ARTICLES 8:101 AND 8:103 PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW AND ARTICLE 49(1) CISG NOTION OF FUNDAMENTAL BREACH - INDEPENDENT OF THE INTENTION OF THE BREACHING PARTY | |
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Spain Tribunal Supremo 06-07-2020 SUPPLY CONTRACT FOR GOODS TO BE MANUFACTURED OR PRODUCED – BETWEEN A SPANISH SELLER AND A GERMAN BUYER - COVERED BY CISG (ART. 3(1) CISG) LIMITATION PERIODS (PRESCRIPTION) - MATTER EXCLUDED FROM THE SCOPE OF CISG (ART. 4 CISG) - REFERENCE BY PARTY TO THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AS A MEANS TO SUPPLEMENT THE CONVENTION - APPLICATION EXCLUDED BECAUSE THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES HAVE NO BINDING NORMATIVE FORCE AND ABSENT A CHOICE OF THE PARTIES IN THIS SENSE - DOMESTIC LAW APPLIED | |
| STATE OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION | 1 |
| SWEDISH | 8 |
| SWISS | 26 |
| TURKISH | 8 |
| TURKMEN | 1 |
| UKRAINIAN | 26 |
| UNION OF EUROPEAN FOOTBALL ASSOCIATIONS (UEFA) | 1 |
| UNITED KINGDOM | 3 |
| UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION | 2 |
| UNITED STATES | 46 |
| URUGUAYAN | 3 |
| UZBEK | 3 |
| VENEZUELAN | 5 |
| VIETNAMESE | 1 |
| WEST INDIAN | 2 |
| WESTERN EUROPEAN | 2 |
SELECTED CASES BY DOMESTIC LAW INVOLVED
BY INTERNATIONAL LAW INVOLVED
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Arbitral Award ICC International Court of Arbitration, Paris 7365/FMS 05-05-1997 STATE CONTRACTS - CONTRACT FOR THE SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION OF MILITARY EQUIPMENT - BETWEEN A UNITED STATES CORPORATION AND THE IRANIAN AIR FORCE - PARTIES' CHOICE OF DOMESTIC LAW (IRANIAN LAW) - AGREEMENT BY PARTIES AS TO COMPLEMENTARY AND SUPPLEMENTARY APPLICATION OF THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND TRADE USAGES - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO DETERMINE CONTENT OF SUCH GENERAL PRINCIPLES HARDSHIP - RIGHT TO DEMAND TERMINATION OR ADAPTATION OF CONTRACT (ART. 6.2.3(4) UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) IMPLIED OBLIGATIONS - GOOD FAITH AND FAIR DEALING (ARTS. 5.1 AND 5.2 [ARTS. 5.1.1 AND 5.1.2 OF THE 2004 EDITION] UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) TERMINATION - RIGHT TO RESTITUTION (ART. 7.3.6 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) INTEREST - RIGHT TO INTEREST INDEPENDENT OF A FORMAL REQUEST BY AGGRIEVED PARTY (ART. 7.4.9 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) - DOUBTFUL WHETHER THIS PROVISION CORRESPONDS TO GENERALLY ACCEPTED PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW |
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Arbitral Award ICC International Court of Arbitration 12111 06-01-2003 SALES CONTRACT - BETWEEN A RUMANIAN COMPANY AND AN ENGLISH COMPANY - REFERRING TO "INTERNATIONAL LAW" AS THE LAW GOVERNING THE CONTRACT - TO BE UNDERSTOOD AS REFERENCE TO THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW AND THE LEX MERCATORIA - APPLICATION OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES (PARAGRAPH 3 OF THE PREAMBLE OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES) PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW - ACADEMIC EXERCISE PRELIMINARY TO A EUROPEAN CIVIL CODE - AS SUCH NOT YET APPLICABLE TO INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS |
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Arbitral Award Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce 29-03-2005 STATE CONTRACTS - LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - GAS SUPPLY CONTRACT - BETWEEN A GIBRALTAR COMPANY AND A KYRGYZ STATE OWNED COMPANY - UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES APPLIED AS A RULE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW BUYER'S FAILURE TO PAY THE PRICE DUE TO INSOLVENCY CAUSED BY INTERFERENCE BY ITS COUNTRY'S GOVERNMENT - GOVERNMENT LIABLE FOR DAMAGES VIS-A-VIS SELLER INTEREST - TO BE CALCULATED ON THE BASIS OF INTERNATIONAL RULES - APPLICATION OF ART. 7.4.9 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES CONSIDERED BY ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL "TO BE AN APPROPRIATE BASIS FOR DETERMINING THE INTEREST" |
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Arbitral Award Ad hoc Arbitration, Brussels 19-08-2005 STATE CONTRACTS - SHARE PURCHASE AGREEMENT - BETWEEN A DUTCH COMPANY AND THE POLISH GOVERNMENT - TO BE DECIDED ON THE BASIS OF THE BILATERAL TREATY FOR THE PROTECTION OF INVESTMENTS AND "THE UNIVERSALLY ACKNOWLEDGED RULES AND PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW" - REFERENCE TO THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES |
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Arbitral Award ICC International Court of Arbitration 14581 00-06-2007 STATE CONTRACTS - SUPPLY CONTRACT FOR LEASING EQUIPMENT AND LICENSING TECHNOLOGY - BETWEEN TWO MINISTRIES OF STATE X AND A COMPANY OF STATE Y - UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AS AN "EXPRESSION OF INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNISED PRINCIPLES" ARBITRATION CLAUSE PROVIDING THAT DISPUTES TO BE DECIDED BY "THE INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION COURT IN SWITZERLAND" AND "IN ACCORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL LAW" - INTERPRETATION OF AMBIGUOUS CLAUSE ACCORDING TO SWISS LAW AS LAW OF SEAT OF ARBITRATION AND ACCORDING TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES INVOKED BY PARTES AS "EXPRESSION OF INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNISED PRINCIPLES", TOGETHER WITH EUROPEAN PRINCIPLES OF CONTRACT LAW AND CISG - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 4.2 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES IN SUPPORT OF SIMILAR PROVISION IN SWISS LAW |
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Arbitral Award Eritrea Ethiopia Claims Commission 17-08-2009 ERITREA ETHIOPIA CLAIMS COMMISSION - DAMAGES CLAIMS - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO INTERPRET APPLICABLE INTERNATIONAL LAW DETERMINATION OF COMPENSATION FOR UNCERTAIN LOSSES - ASSESSMENT AT DISCRETION OF ADJUDICATING BODY - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 7.4.3(3) UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES |
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Arbitral Award Ad hoc Arbitration, The Hague 30-03-2010 STATE CONTRACTS - LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION AGREEMENT - BETWEEN TWO UNITED STATES COMPANIES AND THE ECUADORIAN GOVERNMENT – REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO INTERPRET APPLICABLE LAW (INTERNATIONAL LAW AS WELL AS ECUADORIAN LAW) LOSS OF A CHANCE – CRITERION FOR DETERMINING AMOUNT OF DAMAGES IN CASE OF BREACH OF THE BIT DUE TO DENIAL OF JUSTICE – REFERENCE BY ONE OF THE PARTIES TO ARTICLE 7.4.3(2) OF UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES – ACCORDING TO ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL ONLY ADMISSIBLE WHERE AMOUNT OF LOSS NOT DETERMINABLE – REFERENCE TO COMMENT 2 TO ARTICLE 7.4.3 OF UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES FORCE MAJEURE – HARDSHIP – DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN THE PARTIES IN A JUST AND EQUITABLE MANNER OF THE LOSSES AND GAINS RESULTING FROM UNFORESEEABLE EVENT – REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES (COMMENT ARTICLES 7.1.7 AND TO ARTICLES 6.2.2 – 6.2.3(2)) AND TO PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW (ARTICLE 6:111(3)(B)) AS A MEANS TO INTERPRET ECUADORIAN LAW (ARTICLE 1563 ECUADORIAN CIVIL CODE) |
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Arbitral Award ICC International Court of Arbitration 17146 00-00-2013 INTERNATIONAL CONTRACT - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO INTERPRET AND SUPPLEMENT APPLICABLE INTERNATIONAL LAW (TRANSNATIONAL RULES AND TRADE USAGES) ARBITRATION CLAUSE - INTERPRETATION - ACCORDING TO PRINCIPLE OF GOOD FAITH, OF EFFECTIVE INTERPRETATION AND OF CONTRA PROFERENTEM RULE - REFERENCE TO ART. 4.5 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES |
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Arbitral Award Permanent Court of Arbitration 04-06-2014 DISPUTE BETWEEN AN AUSTRIAN COMPANY AND THE SLOVAKIAN GOVERNMENT - CONCERNING MEASURES ADOPTED BY THE LATTER NEGATIVELY AFFECTING FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN THE HEALTH INSURANCE SECTOR - ALLEGED VIOLATION BY SLOVAKIA OF BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO SUPPLEMENT APPLICABLE LAW (INTERNATIONAL LAW) JURISDICTION OF ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL CHALLENGED ON THE GROUND THAT CLAIMANT INITIATED COURT PROCEEDINGS IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC THAT WERE PREDICATED ON THE SAME FACTS AND LEGAL BASIS AND SOUGHT THE SAME RELIEF AS IN THE ARBITRAL PROCEEDING IMPLIED AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PARTIES THAT THE CASE SHOULD BE RESOLVED IN THE NATIONAL COURTS, NOT IN THE ARBITRATION PROCEEDINGS – REFERENCE BY BOTH PARTIES TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES (ARTS. 1.2, 2.1.2, 2.1.11, 3.2.12, 4.1 AND 4.2) – ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL AGREES WITH CLAIMANT THAT NO SUCH AGREEMENT WAS CONCLUDED WAIVER OF THE RIGHT TO ARBITRATE – REFERENCE BY BOTH PARTIES TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES – ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL CONFIRMS THAT CLAIMANT HAS WAIVED ITS RIGHT TO ARBITRATE SINCE THE PROCEEDING BEFORE NATIONAL COURTS COULD NOT BE CONSIDERED ONLY AS A PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE |
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Arbitral Award International Arbitration Court of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation 03-04-2018 SALES CONTRACT - BETWEEN A RUSSIAN BUYER AND A UKRAINIAN SELLER - CHOICE OF LAW CLAUSE REFERRING TO "INTERNATIONAL LAW" - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL DECIDED TO APPLY CISG AND, FOR QUESTIONS NOT PROVIDED FOR IN THE CISG, THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES SINCE THE PARTIES EXPRESS THEIR INTENTION TO EXCLUDE THE APPLICATION OF ANY NATIONAL LAW RIGHT TO INTEREST - REFERENCE TO ART. 7.4.9 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE INTEREST RATE |
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Arbitral Award Permanent Court of Arbitration 10-01-2019 STATE CONTRACTS - LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - CONCESSION CONTRACT - BETWEEN UNITED STATES INVESTORS AND THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT – BREACH OF THE LATTER OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE NORTH AMERICA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (NAFTA) - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES IN SUPPORT OF GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF A CHANCE - RIGHT TO COMPENSATION - REFERENCE TO ART. 7.4.3 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES DAMAGES – COMPENSATION FOR FUTURE HARM DUE WHEN THERE IS A REASONABLE OPPORTUNITY FOR SUCCESS – REFERENCE TO ART. 7.4.3 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES |
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International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 04-06-2004 STATE CONTRACTS - LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - BUILD-OPERATE-TRANSFER (BOT) CONTRACT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRICITY PLANT IN TURKEY - BETWEEN A UNITED STATES-TURKISH CONSORTIUM AND THE TURKISH GOVERNMENT - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO INTERPRET APPLICABLE LAW (INTERNATIONAL LAW) CONTRACT WITH ESSENTIAL TERMS DELIBERATELY LEFT OPEN AND TO BE AGREED UPON AT LATER DATE - CONTRACT VALID IF PARTIES INTENDED TO BE BOUND BY THE CONTRACT - REFERENCE BY CLAIMANT TO ART. 2.14 (NOW 2.1.14) OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES- ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL CONFIRMED |
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International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 19-01-2007 STATE CONTRACTS - LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - CONCESSION CONTRACT - BETWEEN A UNITED STATES-TURKISH CONSORTIUM AND THE TURKISH GOVERNMENT - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO INTERPRET APPLICABLE LAW (INTERNATIONAL LAW) CONCESSION CONTRACT CONCLUDED WITH TERMS LEFT OPEN - ONE PARTY ARGUED THAT NEVERTHELESS CONTRACT HAD BEEN VALIDLY CONCLUDED INVOKING ARTICLE 2.1.14 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES IN SUPPORT THEREOF - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL BASICALLY CONFIRMS ONE PARTY ARGUED THAT DUTY TO NEGOTIATE IN GOOD FAITH DOES NOT ENTAIL OBLIGATION TO REACH AGREEMENT INVOKING ARTICLE 2.1.15 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL BASICALLY CONFIRMS |
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International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 01-09-2009 APPLICATION FOR ANNULMENT OF AN ICSID AWARD RENDERED BETWEEN A UNITED STATES CORPORATION AND THE ARGENTINIAN GOVERNMENT - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO INTERPRET APPLICABLE LAW (INTERNATIONAL LAW) DETERMINATION OF EXTENT OF HARM - DISCRETIONARY POWER OF COURTS WHERE AMOUNT CANNOT BE ESTABLISHED WITH SUFFICIENT DEGREE OF CERTAINTY - REFERENCE BY CLAIMANT TO ARTICLE 7.4.3 (3) UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES - STANDARD OF COMPENSATION CONFIRMED BY BOTH ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL AND AD HOC COMMITTEE |
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International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 14-01-2010 STATE CONTRACTS – SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT - BETWEEN A UNITED STATES NATIONAL AND THE UKRAINIAN GOVERNMENT - REFERRING TO ARTICLE 54 OF THE ICSID ADDITIONAL FACILITY ARBITRATION RULES RECORDED AS TO THE APPLICABLE LAW - APPLICATION BY ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AS "A PRIVATE CODIFICATION OF CIVIL LAW, APPROVED BY AN INTERGOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTION WHICH ARE NEITHER TREATY, NOR COMPILATION OF USAGES, NOR STANDARD TERMS OF CONTRACT BUT IN FACT ARE A MANIFESTATION OF TRANSNATIONAL LAW" - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO INTERPRET APPLICABLE LAW (INTERNATIONAL LAW) CONTRACT INTERPRETATION - ACCORDING TO COMMON INTENTION OF PARTIES - RELEVANCE OF PRELIMINARY NEGOTIATIONS - REFERENCE TO ARTICLES 4.1 AND 4.3 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES MERGER CLAUSE - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 2.1.17 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES INCONSISTENT BEHAVIOUR - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 1.8 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES DUTY TO USE BEST EFFORTS - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 5.1.4 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES |
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International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 03-03-2010 STATE CONTRACTS - LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - CONCESSION AGREEMENT -BETWEEN GREEK AND ISRAELI INVESTORS AND THE GEORGIAN GOVERNMENT - CONCERNING THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF OIL PIPELINES - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO INTERPRET APPLICABLE LAW (INTERNATIONAL LAW) DISPUTE BETWEEN PARTIES AS TO SCOPE OF THE CONCESSION - WHETHER EXTRINSIC EVIDENCE ADMISSIBLE FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONSTRUING THE CONCESSION AGREEMENT - REFERENCE BY ONE OF THE PARTIES TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES IN SUPPORT OF ADMISSIBILITY - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL, THOUGH WITHOUT EXPRESSLY REFERRING TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES, BASICALLY CONCURRED |
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International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 16-06-2010 STATE CONTRACTS - LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - CONCESSION CONTRACT - BETWEEN FRENCH AND ARGENTINIAN COMPANIES AND THE MEXICAN GOVERNMENT – BIT AND GENERAL INTERNATIONAL LAW APPLICABLE - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES IN SUPPORT OF GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW DAMAGES – COMPENSATION DUE ONLY FOR HARM, INCLUDING FUTURE HARM, ESTABLISHED WITH REASONABLE DEGREE OF CERTAINTY – REFERENCE TO ART. 36 ILC DRAFT ARTICLES ON RESPONSIBILITY OF STATES FOR INTERNATIONALLY WRONGFUL ACTS OF 2001 AND TO ART. 7.4.3 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES |
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International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 28-03-2011 STATE CONTRACTS – SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT - BETWEEN A UNITED STATES NATIONAL AND THE UKRAINIAN GOVERNMENT - ALLEGED BREACH OF SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT - APPLICATION BY ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AS "A PRIVATE CODIFICATION OF CIVIL LAW, APPROVED BY AN INTERGOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTION WHICH ARE NEITHER TREATY, NOR COMPILATION OF USAGES, NOR STANDARD TERMS OF CONTRACT BUT IN FACT ARE A MANIFESTATION OF TRANSNATIONAL LAW" - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO SUPPLEMENT APPLICABLE LAW (INTERNATIONAL LAW) DAMAGES FOR LOST PROFITS - TO BE DISTINGUISHED FROM DAMAGES FOR SIMPLE LOSS OF A CHANCE - REFERENCE TO THE EXAMPLE IN COMMENT 2 TO ART. 7.4.3 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES INCONSISTENT BEHAVIOUR - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 1.8 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES |
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International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 12-05-2011 DISPUTE BETWEEN A SWISS COMPANY AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC - CONCERNING MEASURES ADOPTED BY THE LATTER NEGATIVELY AFFECTING FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN THE TOBACCO SECTOR - ICSID ARBITRATION CLAUSE CONTAINED IN A MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING (PROTOCOL OF AGREEMENT) CONCLUDED BETWEEN THE PARTIES - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO INTERPRET APPLICABLE LAW (INTERNATIONAL LAW) JURISDICTION OF ICSID ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL CHALLENGED ON THE GROUND THAT AGREEMENT CONTAINING THE ARBITRATION CLAUSE WAS NULL AND VOID - LACK OF PRIOR APPROVAL BY THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE - RESPONDENT CANNOT INVOKE THE VIOLATION OF ITS LOCAL LAW TO CONSIDER ITS CONSENT TO ARBITRATION VITIATED OR NULL SEVERABILITY OF THE ARBITRATION CLAUSE - CLAIMANT INVOKING ART. 3.16 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES ON PARTIAL AVOIDANCE [NOW ART. 3.2.13] - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL CONCURS |
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International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 31-10-2011 DISPUTE BETWEEN A UNITED STATES INVESTOR AND THE ARGENTINIAN GOVERNMENT - CONCERNING ALLEGED VIOLATION BY THE LATTER OF BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATY (BIT) - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL DECIDED TO APPLY THE BIT AND "INTERNATIONAL LAW, WHEN APPLICABLE" - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES "A SORT OF INTERNATIONAL RESTATEMENT OF THE LAW OF CONTRACTS REFLECTING RULES AND PRINCIPLES APPLIED BY THE MAJORITY OF NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEMS". DEFENDANT INVOKING FORCE MAJEURE AS EXCUSE FOR VIOLATION OF BIT - OBJECTION REJECTED ON GROUND OF GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF "PRECLUSION OF WRONGFULNESS" - REFERENCE TO ARTICLES 6.2.2, 7.1.6 AND 7.1.7 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES |
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International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 01-06-2012 DISPUTE BETWEEN A UNITED STATES COMPANY AND THE SALVADORAN GOVERNMENT OVER THE LATTER'S ARBITRARY REFUSAL TO GRANT THE FORMER A MINING EXPLOITATION CONCESSION - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO INTERPRET APPLICABLE LAW (INTERNATIONAL LAW) JURISDICTION OF ICSID ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL CHALLENGED ON THE GROUND THAT DISPUTE HAD ARISEN WHEN CLAIMANT WAS NOT YET A UNITED STATES COMPANY BREACH OF AN OBLIGATION UNDER INVESTMENT TREATY BY OMISSION - EXPLICIT REFUSAL TO GRANT CONCESSION NOT NECESSARY - MERE FAILURE TO RESPOND TO APPLICATION SUFFICIENT - REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 7.1.1 UNDIROIT PRINCIPLES |
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International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 18-04-2017 STATE CONTRACTS – SHARE PURCHASE AGREEMENT - BETWEEN TWO ITALIAN NATIONALS AND THE ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT - ALLEGED VIOLATION BY THE LATTER OF BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATY - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO INTERPRET APPLICABLE LAW (INTERNATIONAL LAW) COMPENSATION FOR LOSS OF OPPORTUNITY - CAN BE AWARDED ON THE BASIS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW - REFERENCE TO ART. 7.4.3 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES DETERMINATION OF EXTENT OF HARM - DISCRETIONARY POWER OF COURTS WHERE AMOUNT CANNOT BE ESTABLISHED WITH SUFFICIENT DEGREE OF CERTAINTY - IN CASE OF LOSS OF OPPORTUNITY MUST BE TAKEN IN CONSIDERATION THE PROBABILITY OF THE CHANCE COMING TO FRUITION - REFERENCE TO THE EXAMPLE IN COMMENT 2 TO ART. 7.4.3 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES |
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International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 30-10-2017 STATE CONTRACTS – LONG-TERM CONTRACTS - SUPPLY CONTRACT - BETWEEN TWO SWISS COMPANIES AND THE VENEZUELAN GOVERNMENT - ALLEGED VIOLATION BY THE LATTER OF BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATY - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO INTERPRET APPLICABLE LAW (INTERNATIONAL LAW) DETERMINATION OF EXTENT OF HARM - DISSENTING OPINION OF ONE OF THE ARBITRATORS - COMPENSATION ONLY FOR FORESEEABLE HARM - REFERENCE TO ART. 7.4.4 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AND ART. 74 CISG DETERMINATION OF EXTENT OF HARM - DISSENTING OPINION OF ONE OF THE ARBITRATORS - LOSS OF PROFITS CALCULATED AS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE CONTRACT PRICE AND THE PRICE PAID BY THE BUYER FOR REPLACEMENT GOODS OR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE CONTRACT PRICE AND THE MARKET PRICE AT THE TIME DELIVERIES SHOULD HAVE BEEN MADE IF REPLACEMENT GOODS ARE NOT PURCHASED - REFERENCE TO ARTS. 7.4.5-7.4.6 UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AND ART. 75-76 CISG |
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Iranian-U.S. Arbitral Tribunal Iranian-U.S. Arbitral Tribunal (Full Tribunal) 02-07-2014 DISPUTE BETWEEN IRAN AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONCERNING ALLEGED BREACH BY UNITED STATES OF ITS OBLIGATION UNDER ARTICLE VII, PARAGRAPH 2, OF THE 1981 CLAIMS SETTLEMENT DECLARATION ESTABLISHING THE IRAN-UNITED STATES CLAIMS TRIBUNAL – ACCORDING TO ARTICLE V OF THE 1981 CLAIMS SETTLEMENT DECLARATION TRIBUNAL BOUND TO “DECIDE ALL CASES ON THE BASIS OF RESPECT FOR LAW, APPLYING SUCH CHOICE OF LAW RULES AND PRINCIPLES OF COMMERCIAL AND INTERNATIONAL LAW AS THE TRIBUNAL DETERMINES TO BE APPLICABLE, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT RELEVANT USAGES OF TRADE, CONTRACT PROVISIONS AND CHANGED CIRCUMSTANCES” UNITED STATES ORDERED TO PAY IRAN DAMAGES PLUS INTEREST – INTEREST CALCULATED “AT AN ANNUAL RATE EQUAL TO THE AVERAGE PRIME BANK LENDING RATE IN THE UNITED STATES” – TRIBUNAL SO DECIDED “[…] ALSO MINDFUL OF ARTICLE 7.4.9 (2) OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES 2010” |
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Netherlands Gerechtshof Den Haag 11-09-2013 STATE CONTRACTS - SUPPLY CONTRACT - BETWEEN AN ENGLISH COMPANY AND AN IRANIAN GOVERNMENT AGENCY - REFERENCE TO UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES TO INTERPRET APPLICABLE LAW (INTERNATIONAL LAW) REQUEST FOR SETTING ASIDE OF ARBITRAL AWARDS APPLYING THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AS RULES OF LAW GOVERNING THE SUBSTANCE OF THE DISPUTE - REQUEST REJECTED BY COURT (DUTCH COURT) APPLICATION BY ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL ON ITS OWN MOTION OF ARTICLE 7.4.3(3) UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES - OBJECTION THAT ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL HAD EXCEEDED ITS MANDATE - REJECTED LIMITATION PERIODS - A PARTY'S OBJECTION THAT OTHER PARTY'S CLAIMS WERE TIME-BARRED REJECTED BY ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL AS THE 1994 EDITION OF UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES DID NOT ADDRESS THE ISSUE LIMITATION PERIODS - ARGUMENT THAT THE ISSUE WAS ADDRESSED IN THE SUBSEQUENT 2004 EDITION OF UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES REJECTED - RETROACTIVE EFFECT OF SUBSEQUENT EDITIONS OF UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES DENIED |
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Venezuela Civil Chamber of the Venezuelan Supreme Court 02-12-2014 CONTRACT BETWEEN A VENEZUELAN COMPANY AND A DUTCH COMPANY - SILENT AS TO APPLICABLE LAW - CONTRACT GOVERNED BY THE LAW WITH WHICH IT IS MOST DIRECTLY CONNECTED - TO BE DETERMINED ON THE BASIS, AMONG OTHERS, OF GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL LAW RECOGNIZED BY INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (ART. 30 VENEZUELAN ACT ON PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW) - UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES EXPRESSLY REFERRED TO AS AN EXAMPLE OF SUCH GENERAL PRINCIPLES |
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Venezuela Civil Chamber of the Venezuelan Supreme Court 17-03-2023 BILL OF EXCHANGE - SIGNED BY VENEZUELAN INDIVIDUALS IN CURAÇAO – APPLICABLE LAW IN THE ABSENCE OF A CHOICE OF THE PARTIES – REFERENCE TO LEX MERCATORIA CONTAINED IN THE NATIONAL PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW - APPLICATION OF THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AS AN EXPRESSION OF THE LEX MERCATORIA LAW APPLICABLE TO A BILL OF EXCHANGE - MONETARY OBLIGATION FOR WHICH THE PARTIES DID NOT CHOOSE THE APPLICABLE LAW - OBLIGATION SUBJECT TO THE LAW OF THE PLACE OF PERFORMANCE - OBLIGEE’S PLACE OF BUSINESS” AS THE PLACE OF PERFORMANCE (ART. 6.1.6[1][a] UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES). |