Article 896 Cases (1) For the purposes of this Convention statements made by and other conduct of a party are to be interpreted according to his intent where the other party knew or could not have been unaware what that intent was.

(2) If the preceding paragraph is not applicable, statements made by and other conduct of a party are to be interpreted according to the understanding that a reasonable person of the same kind as the other party would have had in the same circumstances.

(3) In determining the intent of a party or the understanding a reasonable person would have had, due consideration is to be given to all relevant circumstances of the case including the negotiations, any practices which the parties have established between themselves, usages and any subsequent conduct of the parties.

Number

Issue

# Cases

Interpretation of statements or other conduct of a party

1.1

According to party's own intent where other party knew of such intent

Country	Date	Court
Arbitral Award	00-00-1994	ICC Court of Arbitration - Paris
Arbitral Award	00-00-1995	ICC Court of Arbitration - Paris
Cases: 2
Austria	11-03-1999	Oberster Gerichtshof
Austria	07-03-2002	Oberlandesgericht Graz
Austria	31-08-2005	Oberster Gerichtshof
Austria	23-01-2006	Oberlandesgericht Linz
Cases: 4
France	22-02-1995	Cour d'Appel de Grenoble, Chambre Commerciale
France	13-09-1995	Cour d'Appel de Grenoble, Chambre Commerciale
France	21-10-1999	Cour d'Appel de Grenoble
Cases: 3
Germany	26-09-1990	Landgericht Hamburg
Germany	11-12-1996	Bundesgerichtshof
Germany	27-11-2007	Bundesgerichtshof
Germany	14-01-2009	Oberlandesgericht München
Cases: 4
Mexico	10-03-2005	Primer Tribunal Colegiado en Materia Civil del Primer Circuito
Cases: 1
Netherlands	07-11-1997	Hoge Raad
Netherlands	02-01-2007	Gerechtshof's-Hertogenbosch
Cases: 2
New Zealand	27-11-2000	Court of Appeal
Cases: 1
Poland	28-11-2013	Supreme Court of Poland
Cases: 1
Russian Federation	21-02-1997	Tribunal of Int'l Commercial Arbitration at the Russian Federation Chamber of Commerce
Russian Federation	13-02-2006	Tribunal of Int'l Commercial Arbitration at the Russian Federation Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Cases: 2
Switzerland	05-04-2005	Schweizerisches Bundesgericht
Cases: 1
USA	29-06-1998	U.S. Court of Appeals, 11th Circuit
USA	28-10-1998	U.S. District Court, N.D., Illinois, Eastern Division
USA	30-01-2001	U.S. District Court, N.D., California
USA	17-12-2001	U.S. District Court, S.D., Michigan
USA	28-09-2007	U.S. District Court, District of Kansas
USA	31-03-2017	U.S. District Court, Northern District Illinois
USA	25-01-2022	Supreme Court of the State of New York, Albany County
Cases: 7