Selected Cases by Article & Issues

Article 1610 Cases
Article 218 Cases
Article 350 Cases
Article 4157 Cases
Article 51 Cases
Article 682 Cases
Article 7212 Cases
Article 895 Cases
Article 953 Cases
Article 109 Cases
Article 1134 Cases
Article 126 Cases
Article 132 Cases
Article 1447 Cases
Article 150 Cases
Article 163 Cases
Article 170 Cases
Article 1876 Cases
Article 1949 Cases (1) A reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additions, limitations or other modifications is a rejection of the offer and constitutes a counter-offer.

(2) However, a reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additional or different terms which do not materially alter the terms of the offer constitutes an acceptance, unless the offeror, without undue delay, objects orally to the discrepancy or dispatches a notice to that effect. If he does not so object, the terms of the contract are the terms of the offer with the modifications contained in the acceptance.

(3) Additional or different terms relating, among other things, to the price, payment, quality and quantity of the goods, place and time of delivery, extent of one party"s liability to other or the settlement of disputes are considered to alter the terms of the offer materially.
Number Issue # Cases
1 Modified acceptance 7
1.1 Constituting counter-offer 18
1.2 Constituting acceptance where modifications not material and not objected to by offeror 7
1.2.1 Examples of non-material modifications 12
Country Date Court
Arbitral Award 01-04-1993 CIETAC China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission
Arbitral Award 10-06-2002 CIETAC China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission
Cases: 2
Austria 20-03-1997 Oberster Gerichtshof
Cases: 1
France 04-01-1995 Cour de Cassation
Cases: 1
Germany 14-08-1991 Landgericht Baden-Baden
Germany 27-04-1999 Oberlandesgericht Naumburg
Germany 09-01-2002 Bundesgerichtshof
Germany 04-10-2002 Oberlandesgericht Koblenz
Germany 01-03-2010 Oberlandesgericht Koblenz
Cases: 5
Hungary 10-01-1992 Metropolitan Court of Budapest
Cases: 1
USA 31-03-2010 U.S. District Court, M.D. Alabama, Eastern Division
USA 21-11-2022 U.S. District Court for the Western District of North Carolina
Cases: 2
1.2.2 Examples of material modifications 18
1.2.3 Battle of forms 8
Article 200 Cases
Article 211 Cases
Article 220 Cases
Article 239 Cases
Article 245 Cases
Article 2596 Cases
Article 2621 Cases
Article 279 Cases
Article 283 Cases
Article 2923 Cases
Article 3017 Cases
Article 3156 Cases
Article 322 Cases
Article 3325 Cases
Article 344 Cases
Article 35140 Cases
Article 3627 Cases
Article 370 Cases
Article 3889 Cases
Article 39239 Cases
Article 4032 Cases
Article 412 Cases
Article 426 Cases
Article 432 Cases
Article 449 Cases
Article 4539 Cases
Article 4613 Cases
Article 4724 Cases
Article 489 Cases
Article 49112 Cases
Article 5044 Cases
Article 5115 Cases
Article 525 Cases
Article 5375 Cases
Article 549 Cases
Article 559 Cases
Article 560 Cases
Article 5770 Cases
Article 5820 Cases
Article 5924 Cases
Article 607 Cases
Article 6123 Cases
Article 6224 Cases
Article 6313 Cases
Article 6427 Cases
Article 651 Cases
Article 664 Cases
Article 6716 Cases
Article 680 Cases
Article 696 Cases
Article 701 Cases
Article 7129 Cases
Article 729 Cases
Article 7317 Cases
Article 74149 Cases
Article 7544 Cases
Article 7616 Cases
Article 7743 Cases
Article 78223 Cases
Article 7938 Cases
Article 8014 Cases
Article 8134 Cases
Article 8211 Cases
Article 831 Cases
Article 8427 Cases
Article 855 Cases
Article 866 Cases
Article 873 Cases
Article 8810 Cases
Article 890 Cases
Article 901 Cases
Article 910 Cases
Article 9210 Cases
Article 934 Cases
Article 940 Cases
Article 954 Cases
Article 966 Cases
Article 970 Cases
Article 980 Cases
Article 992 Cases
Article 10022 Cases
Article 1010 Cases
Total Cases in the database 3639