Selected Bibliography by Article

Article 6.2.228 Bibliography There is hardship where the occurrence of events fundamentally alters the equilibrium of the contract either because the cost of a party"s performance has increased or because the value of the performance a party receives has diminished, and
(a) the events occur or become known to the disadvantaged party after the conclusion of the contract;
(b) the events could not reasonably have been taken into account by the disadvantaged party at the time of the conclusion of the contract;
(c) the events are beyond the control of the disadvantaged party; and
(d) the risk of the events was not assumed by the disadvantaged party.

Author	Title	Publisher
Araújo, Nádia de	A cláusula de Hardship nos contratos internacionais e a sua regulamentação nos princípios para os contratos comerciais internacionais do Unidroit	in: Contratos internacionais, 2006, pp. 317-341.
BERGER, K.P.	Internationale Investitionsverträge und Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit	Zeitschrift für vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft, 102 (2003), 1-32.
BERNARDINI P.	Hardship e Force majeure	Bonell M.J. / Bonelli F. (eds.), Contratti commerciali internazionali e Principi UNIDROIT, Giuffré, Milano 1997, 193-214
BRIDGE M.	The CISG and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts	Uniform Law Review = Revue de droit uniforme, vol. 19 n. 4 (2014), pp. 623-642
BRUNNER C.,	Force majeure and hardship under general contract principles. Exemption for non-performance in international arbitration	Wolters Kluwer, 2009
CIRIELLI S. E.	Clausola di hardship e adattamento nel contratto commerciale internazionale	Contratto e impresa / Europa, 1998, 733 - 789
ERNST W.	Die Verpflichtung zur Leistung in den Principles of European Contract Law und in den Principles of International Commercial Contracts	BASEDOW, J. (ed.), Europäische Vertragsrechtsvereinheitlichung und deutsches Recht, J. C. B. Mohr (Siebeck), Tübingen 2000, 129 - 157
FERRARI F., GILLETTE C.P., TORSELLO M., WALT S.D.	The Inappropriate Use of the PICC to Interpret Hardship Claims under the CISG	in IHR - Internationales Handelsrecht, 3/2017, pp. 97-102
FONTAINE M.	Cause, Good Faith and Hardship. Three Issues in the Process of Harmonizing Contract Law	in Eppur si muove: The Age of Uniform Law Essays in honour of Michael Joachim Bonell to celebrate his 70th birthday, vol. 2, pp. 1131-1145
FONTAINE M.	Les dispositions relatives au hardship et à la force majeure	Bonell M.J. / Bonelli F. (eds.), Contratti commerciali internazionali e Principi UNIDROIT, Giuffré, Milano 1997, 183-191
GALIZZI P.	The versatility of the UNIDROIT Principles for multinational companies: from settling disputes efficiently to enhancing Corporate Social Responsibility	GALIZZI, P. - ROJAS ELGUETA, G. - VENEZIANO A. (eds), The Multiple Uses of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts: Theory and Practice, Milano 2020, p. 57-67
GROSHEIDE F.W.	Evenwicht in Internationale Commerciële Contracts-verhou-dingen. Opmerkingen geïnspireerd door de regeling van hardship in de Principles of International Commercial Contracts	F.W. Grosheide / K. Boele-Woelki (eds.), Europees Privaatrecht, Molengrafica, Koninklijke Vermande BV, Lelystad 1996
IUS M.	Possible applications of the UNIDROIT Principles in international construction contracts: what about the updated 2017 FIDIC Yellow Book?	GALIZZI, P. - ROJAS ELGUETA, G. - VENEZIANO A. (eds), The Multiple Uses of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts: Theory and Practice, Milano 2020, p. 181-199
JENKINS S.H.	Exemption for Non-Performance: UCC, CISG, UNIDROIT Principles - A Comparative Assessment	72 Tulane Law Review, n. 6, 1998, 2015-2030
KUIJER M.	Een vergelijking van "hardship" uit de UNIDROIT-regeling met de onvoorziene omstandigheden uit artikel 6:258 van het BW	Ars Aequi 1996, 16 et seq
LEHRBERG B.	Renegotiation clauses, the doctrine of assumptions and unfair contract terms	European Review of Private Law, n.3, 1998, 265-283
MASKOW D.	Hardship and Force Majeure	40 American Journal of Comparative Law, n. 3, 1992, 657-669
McKENDRICK, E.	Comment to Arts. 6.2.1-6.2.3. Hardship	n S.VOGENAUER (ed.), Commentary on the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC), 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015, 806-822
MCKENDRICK, E.	Comment to Performance: Arts 6.2.1-6.2.3 -Hardship.	in S.VOGENAUER - J.KLEINHEISTERKAMP, Commentary on the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC), Oxford University Press, New York, 2009, 711-725.
MERCENARO E.	An in-house counsel activity in the power generation sector: dispute management under EPC Contracts	GALIZZI, P. - ROJAS ELGUETA, G. - VENEZIANO A. (eds), The Multiple Uses of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts: Theory and Practice, Milano 2020, p. 127-149
NGUYEN, M. H.	Les Principes UNIDROIT: Jurisprudence et expériences pour le Vietnam	Revue de droit des affaires internationales/International Business Law, no. 5/2005, pp. 619-636
PERILLO J.M.	Force Majeure and Hardship Under the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts	5 Tulane Journal of International & Comparative Law, 1997, 5-28; also in Comentarios a los principios sobre los Contratos Comerciales Internacionales del Unidroit, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 1998, 111-133.
PRADO M.C.A.	La théorie du hardship dans les Principes de l"UNIDROIT relatifs aux contrats du commerce international. Une approche comparative des Principes et les solutions adoptées par le droit francais	Diritto del commercio internazionale 1997, 323-373
RIPPEN E.E.	Verandering van omstandigheden in het Engelse contractenrecht. Een vergelijking met de UNIDROIT-Principles en de Principles of European Contract Law	F.W. Grosheide / K. Boele-Woelki (eds), Europees Privaat-recht, Molengrafica, Koninklijke Vermande BV, Lelystad 1996
RIVERA J.C.	Comunicacion acerca dela excesiva onerosidad sobreviniente	Bonell M.J. / Schipani S. (eds.), "Principi per i contratti commerciali internazionali" e il sistema giuridico latinoamericano, Padova 1996, 251-275
STEINGRUBER, A. M.	El Paso v Argentine Republic: the UNIDROIT Principles in the context of an investment treaty claim	uUniform Law Review 2013, 509 - 531
TRAISCI F.P.	Hardship e Force Majeure nei contratti del commercio internazionale: un modello innovativo da seguire	Eppur si muove: The Age of Uniform Law Essays in honour of Michael Joachim Bonell to celebrate his 70th birthday, vol. 2, 1675 ff.
VENEZIANO, A.	UNIDROIT Principles and CISG: Change of Circumstances and Duty to Renegotiate according to the Belgian Supreme Court	Uniform Law Review/Revue du droit uniforme, 2010, pp.137-149